With inputs from the UN System and other stakeholders, the Office prepares the annual report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the DPoA. In 2021,Rwanda(61%),Senegal(43%) andMozambique(42%) andhad the highest rates observed. The Office also chairs the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Least Developed Country Graduation, which aims to step up coordinated UN support to government of graduating LDCs to ensure a smooth transition out of the LDC category. The financing needs are not simply concentrated in a handful of countries that have multiple overlapping crises. Countries which score between 1.000 and 0.800 are classified as developed. Despite my being appointed through a tough . Sierra Leone 4. Early findings from forthcoming work (see sources under Figure 1) suggest that 10 countries account for roughly half the number of people left behind on a cross-section of key SDG targets. Low-income countries are often synonymous with underdeveloped countries, also known as developing countries, emerging markets, or newly industrialized countries. For example, Nigeria does not make the list despite its HDI of 0.535, but Bangladesh is on the LDC list with an HDI of 0.632. The reason is simple: the higher cost of financing in developing countries. In 2021, the average incomes of people in the bottom 40 percent of the global income . However, World Bank classifies Argentina as Upper-Middle Income and still developing based upon its 2020 GNI of $9070, which is well below the $12,695 dividing line. This recommendation was endorsed by ECOSOC resolution 2021/11, issued on 8 June 2021, and by the General Assembly resolution 76/8, issued on 24 November 2021. UN-OHRLLS plays a leading role in convening the UN System through the Inter-Agency Consultative Group for LDCs and collaborates with UN agencies and other partners on joint events, publications and thematic initiatives in support of LDCs priorities. 5th United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5), Reinforcing the Sustainable Graduation Support Facility (IGRAD). International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021, Developing Countries - International Statistical Institute, List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita - Wikipedia. Developing vs Under-Developed Countries: Difference and Comparison Guinea-Bissau 34. The DPoA manifests a new generation of renewed and strengthened commitments between the least developed countries and their development partners, including the private sector, civil society, and governments at all levels. The second part of . The conference of Least Developed Countries or LDCs takes place every 10 years and this year's meeting from 5 to 9 March 2023, known as LDC5, will focus on returning the needs of the 46. Note: Data displayed is for 2022-23 financial year. Least developed countries - Wikipedia The term "developed country" is often used to describe countries with developed economies or developed markets, which can lead to scenarios in which a given country is considered developed in one sense by one institution, but not in another sense by another institution. Least Developed Countries | Office of the High Representative for the Recent disruptions due to trade turbulence, economic uncertainty, a global pandemic and geopolitical events have compelled manufacturers worldwide to . The Global South has traditionally been used to refer to underdeveloped or economically disadvantaged nations. This work also includes supporting journalists from LDCs to build their capacity in reporting on sustainable development issues pertaining to LDCs. UN list of least developed countries | UNCTAD Rather, quite different sets of countries are affected by each vulnerability, resulting in many different countries requiring funds. The Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries was held in two parts. DAC List of ODA Recipients - OECD Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, Twelve Least Developed Countries on Path to Graduation Reflects Significant Development Progress Despite Ongoing Setbacks, Foreign Ministers from Least Developed Countries Meet to Forge New Path Forward on Development Goals in Light of COVID-19, Emerging Crises Threaten Development Progress by Worlds Least Developed Countries, Malawi Has an Opportunity to Achieve 100% Sustainable Energy Access by 2030, Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2022-2031, UN System through the Inter-Agency Consultative Group, Friends of LDCs discuss implementation of the Doha Programme of Action and the Road to Doha, LDC Trade Ministers Welcome Renewed Cooperation Between WTO and UN on LDC Trade Development, UN Disaster Summit Concludes with Bali Agenda for Resilience to Prevent World from Facing 1.5 Disasters a Day by 2030, LDCs' Access to Finance - Missing Links and Ways Forward, Beyond Survival: Mobilizing Finance towards Ending Inequalities, Addressing the Climate Crisis, and Building an Inclusive and Sustainable Future in LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS, Briefing on the work of the UN Technology Bank for the LDCs, 2023 UN Water Conference Side Event: Water Extremes at the Feet of Displaced People: Averting, Minimizing and Addressing Loss & Damage, The Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries (2022-2031), Improving Access to Finance for the Least Developed Countries, A Guide to Least Developed Country Graduation (2022), Empowering women from LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS in deep-sea research, South-South cooperation in advancing sustainable development and achieving the transformative recovery of the least developed countries, Unlocking the Doha Programme of Action through new models of co-operation. Least developed countries | UNCTAD Countries remaining on the List have been classified according to the World Bank's 2020 income classifications, with LDCs listed separately. This unification has led to the United Nations' South-South Cooperation, a coalition of Global South countries whose main goal is to help solve mutual challenges such as poverty, population growth, war, disease, and border issues. Least Developed Countries Report 2022 | UNCTAD An economic and environmental vulnerability index, consisting of two sub-indices: an economic vulnerability sub-index and an environmental vulnerability sub-index. Least Developed Countries 2023 - World Population Review While the war in Ukraine consistently occupied the headlines in 2022, many other countries faced urgent humanitarian concernsfrom natural disasters, to armed conflict, food crises, and political instability. The top 10 debtors alone owe almost 60 percent of this debt service, or a quarter of total debt service due by developing countries. The aggregate resource gap in those countries amounts to $903 billion in 2023. The result is that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is largest for the world's poorest. This annual report provides a comprehensive and authoritative source of socio-economic analysis and data on the worlds most impoverished countries. countries have "graduated" from the United Nations' LDC list, Least Developed Countries Report - United Nations Conference for Trade and Development, List of Least Developed Countries - United Nations Committee for Development Policy, LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (LDCS) - United Nations, Least-Developed Countries - World Trade Organization. Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. Discrimination and prejudice in development | Brookings Heads of state will gather in September at the United Nations to take stock of progress. As of early 2022, the list includes 78 countries in all, which are referred to as the "Group of 77 and China.". All six indicators are converted into indices using established methodologies with an equal weight. There need to be new and innovative mechanisms for channeling resources to developing countries. Similarly, the CIA World Factbook follows the World Bank classification system, in which Turkey is classified as an upper-middle income country, which corresponds to a developing economy, rather than a high-income country, which would classify as developed. UNCTAD - Palais des Nations, 8-14, Av. How has COVID-19 impacted world poverty? - The World Economic Forum HDI can be used to determine the best countries to live in, as more developed countries typically offer their residents a higher quality of life. It is not. In 2021 the CDP reiterated its recommendation of graduation but proposed a preparatory period of five years for these two countries. HDI places each country on a scale of 0-1 (with 1.000 being the best possible score and 0.000 the worst) and categorizes them into one of four levels of human development: low human development (0-.55), medium human development (.55-.70), high human development (.70-.80), and very high human development (.80-1.0). The United Nations and many other aid organizations have established programs to help developing countries overcome these and other social, political, economic, and environmental challenges they face. Least Developed Countries In Africa : Top 20 Most Underdeveloped (2023) Country list of developing countries (call 2023): Least Developed Countries Low Income Countries which are not LDCs (per capita GNI <= $1 045 in 2020) . Additionally, Niger has the highest fertility rate in the world of 6.8 births per woman of childbearing age, which greatly outpaces the country's death rate. These ideas are still at a formative stage. Some funds, notably the Green Climate Fund is up for replenishment this year. Underdeveloped countries are alternately called low-income countries (a term growing in popularity) by World Bank and called emerging markets, newly industrialized countries, or members of the "Global South" by various other organizations. Togo plans investment reforms to drive sustainable growth. Bangladesh 19. UNCTAD's Economic Development in Africa Report 2023 examines the continent's potential to become a major participant in global supply chains for high-technology sectors like automobiles, mobile telephones, renewable energy and health care. One of the most respected at-a-glance metrics used to measure a country's level of development is the U.N.'s Human Development Index (HDI). Homi Kharas, Charlotte Rivard, Anthony F. Pipa, Kait Pendrak, Oneika Pryce, Emerging Economies & Markets Sustainable Development Goals, Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez, Jamal Saghir. While many countries have achieved structural transformation in a matter of decades, the least developed countries (LDCs) have been notoriously slow . Donors and official financing agencies should make contingency plans. Despite new federal guidelines, local American Rescue Plan priorities remain unchanged, Talking to Dan Tarullo about bank mergers, stress tests, and supervision, Africas critical minerals could power Americas green energy transition, The fragmentation of online child safety regulations, Will courts allow technology to mitigate climate change? The Doha Programme of Action reminds us that global recovery depends on LDCs getting the support they need. These countries are those who tend to have unstable democracy, are in the process of industrializing, and have historically frequently faced colonization by Global North countries (especially by European countries). We consider below four priority areas in economic development where there are major gaps: (1) SDGs, (2) climate, (3) debt vulnerability, and (4) fragility, conflict, and violence. "Underdeveloped country" is an unofficial term, but countries that would qualify as underdeveloped are generally classified as developing countries or least-developed countries (LDCs) by the United Nations, which lists 46 nations as least-developed as of 2021 (full list below). The United Nations' Finance Center for South-South Cooperation maintains arguably the world's most reputable and reliable list of Global South countries. Antnio Guterres, United Nations Secretary-General. The % of undernourished people in the world living in the LDCs has from 26.7% in 2011 to 29.9% in 2017. Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. Through a network of LDCs National Focal Points, the Office engages directly with government representatives from LDCs to ensure coherence between global discussions and national development priorities. Anything below that number would be considered a developing country (though World Bank prefers the terms Upper-Middle Income, Lower-Middle Income, and Low Income). At UN Headquarters, UN-OHRLLS works directly with the Permanent Missions of LDCsand theGroup of LDCsto facilitate group consultations as well as to convene focused events around thematic development issues. Countries involved in the SSC become more self-reliant, strengthen their technological capabilities, and become better able to participate in the global economic marketplace. The United Nations uses a metric called the Human Development Index (HDI) to determine whether a country is fully developed or still developing. PDF World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 - PDF The least developed countries report 2021 - UNCTAD Developing countries are countries whose standard of living, income, economic and industrial development remain more or less below average. Which countries should be on a watchlist of those who could trigger a systemic failure, and what are the resource gaps involved? They need bold investments in health, education and social protection systems all the resources required to fully implement Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. They will find that all the SDG targets for 2030 are off track and some indicators are even going backward. Human Development Index (HDI) (2019 data) - United Nations, Human Development Data Center - United Nations, Human Development Insights - United Nations Development Programme, Reports and Publications - United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2021/22 - United Nations Development Programme. Also known as low-income, underdeveloped countries, and/or middle-income countriesa reference to their stunted economiesdeveloping countries are less industrially advanced than countries classified as high-income, or developed countries. Press release | 29 April 2022 Ninara NEW YORK (ILO News) Economic and social progress in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have been slowed by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and the continuing energy and food crises. In 2023, developing countries owe an estimated $381 billion in debt service on medium- and long-term external debt according to the World Bank International Debt Statistics. The countries that have been on the "least developed" list since its implementation are: Afghanistan, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Haiti, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Yemen. Most of this will need to come from domestic sources, but a substantial amount will surely be needed in external assistance. The most challenged among them are often given the sub-classification of least developed countries. As defined by the United Nations, least developed countries (LDCs) are low-income countries that face significant challenges in their efforts to develop a sustainable and self-supporting economy. At the country level, there need to be better policies, stronger institutions, and sound economic governance. During the triennial review that took place in February 2021, the CDP applied the criteria and the thresholds for inclusion into the LDC category and for graduation from the category as follows: At each triennial review, all countries in developing regions are reviewed against the criteria. There are currently 46 economies designated by the United Nations as the least developed countries (LDCs), entitling them to preferential market access, aid, special technical assistance, and capacity-building on technology among other concessions. This conference featured 10 plenary meetings, 8 high-level thematic round tables, 5 focused tracks, and engaging side events. In resolution 2021/11, ECOSOC, recalling its decision to defer the consideration of the graduation of Kiribati and Tuvalu to no later than 2021, recognized the unprecedented socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic, and decided to defer the consideration of their graduation until 2024. In 2022, 80 of the 217 countries and territories tracked by World Bank qualified as High Income, while 137 qualified as developing economies/countries. Low-income countries are those which have the weakest economies when evaluated by the World Bank, an international coalition of countries dedicated to reducing poverty around the world. Technology is the key to transforming least developed countries. Here's 5 things you need to know about the world's least developed countries They only received $17 billion in 2021 according to OECD statistics but had costs and losses estimated at $32 billion. As part of its work, the World Bank analyzes the economic health of each of the world's countries and territories based upon their gross national income (GNI) per capita. Finally, because the term identifies countries that are less well-off financially, it could be interpreted as implying that "South" is synonymous with "poor"a connection that many people regard as both insensitive and inaccurate. It is time for more brainstorming in 2023 to see where the possibilities lie, else global development will continue to lurch from crisis to crisis. Still, to avoid confusion, inaccuracy, and possible offense, many scholars prefer to use the terms developing countries or low-income economies. The second part of the Conference was held in Doha from 5 to 9 March 2023. Kiribati 36. This annual report provides a comprehensive and authoritative source of socio-economic analysis and data on the worlds most impoverished countries. The inefficiency of approaching the issue on a case-by-case basis raises the likelihood that more developing countries will lose their hard-earned access to private capital markets and that 2023 will see a return to systemic debt crises. The inclusion of "South" causes many users to mistakenly assume the term is meant to be geographical. As of the time of this writing, a total of 37 countries fit all of the four criteria used to determine if a country is developed or not. Developing countries rank as a medium- range in Human Development Index and opt for industrialization. Figure 1 below provides an overview of the top 10 countries in each risk category. Underdeveloped countries have very low per capita income, with many residents living in very poor conditions with little access to education or health care. In addition, the Kiel Institute for the World Economy estimates that Ukraine received $17.8 billion in humanitarian aid between January 24 to November 20, 2022. They are highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks. TheDoha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2022-2031(DPoA) is the current PoA, having been adopted at the first part of LDC5 on March 17, 2022. not LDCs (per capita GNI $1 046-$4 095 in 2020) Other Countries Afghanistan Democratic People's Republic of Korea Algeria Cuba Angola Syrian Arab Republic Belize Ecuador Bangladesh Bolivia . The next review of the DAC List will take place in 2023. The economy of this country is based on domestic production and foreign exports. Without tangible progress on SDG financing this year, or at least a plan for an acceleration, there is a risk of a lost generation. Confidence in global programs and solutions will also inevitably fall further. Another frequently used method of determining whether a country is developed or developing is to examine that country's nominal gross national income (GNI) per capita, which is a useful at-a-glance tool to estimate a country's overall standard of living. It is worth noting that these two methods are not always entirely in sync with one another. The global communitymajor international organizations and large donorsneeds a plan to avoid systemic risk and a watchlist of systemically important countries. Since UN-OHRLLS was established in 2001, it has been working through a dedicated Least Developed Countries Unit to mobilize and coordinate the UNSystem and other stakeholders towards supporting implementation, coherent follow-up and monitoring of the Programme of Action (PoA) for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) at the country, regional and global levels. They also tend to have poor educational systems, which leads to a less versatile workforce. The threshold for inclusion is $1,018 or below; the threshold for graduation is $1,222 or above. These nations often experience high birth rates and population growth, which strains their infrastructure and supply chains, further contributing to their widespread poverty. Additionally, underdeveloped countries tend to rely upon obsolete methods of production and social organization. A nation is typically considered to be "developed" if it meets certain. The environmental vulnerability sub-index has four indicators: (i) share of population in low elevated coastal zones; (ii) share of the population living in drylands; (iii) instability of agricultural production; and (iv) victims of disasters. [4] Throughout the report, the term "least developed country" refers to a country included in the United Nations list of least developed countries. Enrollments in primary and secondary education in LDCs have more than 2x from 107 million in 2000 to 215 million in 2017. Investing in people in least developed countries: eradicating poverty and building capacity to leave no one behind; Leveraging the power of science, technology, and innovation to fight against multidimensional vulnerabilities and to achieve the SDGs; Supporting structural transformation as a driver of prosperity; Enhancing international trade of least developed countries and regional integration; Addressing climate change, environmental degradation, recovering from COVID-19 pandemic and building resilience against future shocks for risk-informed sustainable development; Mobilizing international solidarity, reinvigorated global partnerships and innovative tools and instruments: a march towards sustainable graduation. 53 countries have credit rating classifications estimated to be highly speculative or worse. There are early-stage discussions on what to do next. Of the 191 countries analyzed in the 2021/22 Human Development Report, 125 scored below .80 and were considered developing (see table that follows text). Their energy production can be inadequate and they may experience higher rates of violence against women. The health sub-index has three indicators: (i) the under-five mortality rate; (ii) the maternal mortality ratio; and (iii) the prevalence of stunting. However, organizations including Dow Jones and the Financial Times Stock Exchange Group (FTSE) classify Turkey as an emerging market rather than a developed market. These 10 countries emit roughly half of developing country emissions (excluding China). One common method used to categorize the development of a country is the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI). 1. The remaining years need to usher in a new global partnership to ensure these 46 countries benefit from social, economic and environmental development. This shortcoming leads directly or indirectly to social, political, economic, and environmental challenges that significantly impede quality of life in that country. The HDI considers a broad range of factors, including economic growth, life expectancy, health, education, and quality of life. These 46 LDCs are distributed among the following regions: The list of LDCs is reviewed every three years by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP), a group of independent experts that report to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations. List A List B consists predominently of developed countries List C List D To be assigned Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. However, parallel country-to-country differences will likely appear across all data sets. The most challenged among them are often given the sub-classification of least developed countries. In the short term, debt and humanitarian distress are pressing threats, while in the longer term, climate action and spending on sustainable development goals (SDGs) remain priorities. Developing countries (excluding China) comprise 38 percent of current global greenhouse gas emissions and are expected to emit about half of annual emissions by 2030. The least-developed list is based upon a similar, but different set of criteria than HDI, so some variances exist between the two lists. In many places, mass killings are ongoingin countries such as Burma, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Syria. What's more, because there are no clear guidelines for what constitutes the Global South (as compared to World Bank's very clear guidelines for what is or is not a low-income economy), there exist many different theories on which countries qualify as part of the Global Southor its wealthier counterpart, the Global North. Urgent support required to prevent Least Developed Countries of Asia The countries and territories are then divided into four categories, titled World Bank Country Lending Groups, from low income to high income, whose boundaries are adjusted each year to reflect global inflation. For example, for 2022, the World Bank classifies countries and territories whose GNI is $12,696 or higher as High Income economies. The world's most vulnerable nations face many obstacles, including soaring debt, export marginalization, energy poverty and climate vulnerability.
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