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The local timezone is named Africa / Douala with an UTC offset of one hour. During the period of 19731986, Manoka Island experienced very little erosion. In this area, studies reported that flood-triggered migration has meant the relocation of settlements to around 3.5km inland over the past 45years, with a corresponding loss of around 989ha of mangrove forest cover [19]. The Bonaberi railway station, the first railway built in Douala. The study period was between June 2013 and February 2014. D. Madeira, L. Narciso, H. N. Cabral, and C. Vinagre, Thermal tolerance and potential impacts of climate change on coastal and estuarine organisms, Journal of Sea Research, vol. Another factor of exposure is mangrove cover, which has been analyzed by other researchers for the Manoka district. An erosion model shows that, between 1975 and 2017, average setbacks of the coastline of more than 3m/year, with varied erosion levels depending on the period and location, were recorded. This means there is a high vulnerability of the populations living there, particularly to flooding. The Douala Eda Wildlife Reserve is in the region. We carried out a cross-sectional study in a secondary hospital in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Son chef-lieu est Douala . In flood-prone areas of Pakistan, higher vulnerability of the health, water, and land holding sectors was also reported [36]. to settle their disputes. Overall, the level of climate change awareness and access to climate information sources are still low among the communities. With the current advances in human understanding of vulnerability, this concept has evolved over time to integrate nature, economy, society, humanities, environment, and other comprehensive categories. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. Manoka is a small island town located in the Littoral Region of Cameroon at 34727.69N and 93645.78E (Figure 1) and is the headquarters of the newly created Douala 6 subdivision. 20470371, 2014. This study aims to assess climate change vulnerability (through its variables of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) and local response strategies on Manoka Island. Up to 39, people perceive the air as slightly uncomfortable, and above 40, as very uncomfortable. At a temperature of 25C, air can absorb up to 23 grams of water per cubic meter. Carte de la rgion du Littoral, lune des dix rgions du Cameroun, situe dans le sud-ouest du pays. Access to credit and educational resources and to training opportunities around climate change has been very limited on the island. Visit top-rated & must-see attractions. Hence, the more the mangrove belt is fragmented, the more the coastal area is exposed to the effects of climate change. Subdivisions The department is divided administratively into 12 communes and in turn into villages. A. Somorin, and D. J. Sonwa, Vulnerability to coastal flooding and response strategies: the case of settlements in Cameroon mangrove forests, Environmental Development, vol. One typical example of coastal erosion threatening buildings and mangrove cover on this island is shown in Figure 7. The department covers an area of 3,723 km 2 and as of 2001 had a total population of 452,722. The Female Lake, with its blue waters presents itself in the form of an inverted African map, and it is more accessible since it is situated on top of a hill. Manoka Island has a surface area of 10,031ha and has a population of about 3371, consisting of 10% Cameroonians and 90% foreigners from West Africa [23]. The Fulani, Gbayas, Hausa, and Mboums from CAR have bonds of brotherhood and secular alliances with their Cameroonian hosts. Similarly, the relocation of more than 1286 people has been reported in Cape Cameroon following coastal erosion that caused significant coastline movement. C. Tatuebu Tagne, Cartographie de Loccupation/Utilisation Des Sols en vue de Rduire Lempreinte Carbone du Combustible nergie sur lle de Manoka (Cameroun), CIFOR, Yaound, Cameroon, 2020. Rgion du Littoral Wikipdia How do they respond to the perceived changes? 10, which is the main supply route for CAR. Our analysis of the dynamics of the coastline between 1975 and 2017 using EPR shows setbacks of more than 3m/year. It is therefore important to implement community development and an awareness program about climate change vulnerability which will help equip households with adequate facilities for adaptation. With 7 hours per day, January is the sunniest month in the region of Littoral. Un article de Wikipdia, l'encyclopdie libre. So far, some attempts have been made to understand the impact of climate change and adaptation strategies in the coastal areas of Cameroon. Business Description. Cameroon Ministry of Tourism Quelles sont les principales villes du Cameroun ? It covers a surface area of 20248 km2 and has a population of 2865795 inhabitants (2010 estimates). To the north of the island, an accretion rate of 2.3m/year was measured between Epaka 1 and Youm 1. There is currently little knowledge available on existing or future vulnerabilities on this island. La dernire modification de cette page a t faite le 22 mai 2023 22:43. It is manifested through artisanal, folklore, habitat, dressing modes, and culinary arts. In warm months, there is also a higher absolute humidity almost everywhere. Although there is an elaborate national legislative and regulatory framework its effectiveness is sometimes undermined by structural and administrative weaknesses. 13341338, 2020. Farming suffers from a lack of agricultural land. The subsequent field study consisted of focus group discussions/community meetings and household interviews in the sampled settlements. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the population with over 24,500 cases confirmed and 441 deaths as of 2 December and has significantly reduced public and private revenues in Cameroon forcing the Government to reduce its 2020 global budget. A. Nassani, M. Haffar, and M. R. Naeem, An assessment of rural household vulnerability and resilience in natural hazards: evidence from flood prone areas, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022. They include constructing buildings on stilts and using car wheels to counter the advancement of seawater inland. Cameroon Online Visa Portal, Cameroon Airlines - Camair-co In addition, the COVID-19 prevention and response measures led to an increase of costs for humanitarian operations. Il es Carte des dpartements du Cameroun. These images were freely downloaded from the USGS website. Littoral Region, Cameroon, 5 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon, 6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Kesmonds International University, Mile 3 Nkwen, U.S. Ambassador Launches USG Funded HIV/AIDS Project We recruited hospitalised COVID-19 patients during a 4-month period. Storms affecting daily life and the economy in marine and coastal areas were also pointed out by some researchers [5], calling for better knowledge about the vulnerability and mitigation or adaptation measures that reduce their impact. Meanwhile, the agro-pastoral economy is negatively impacted by the disruption of seasonal transhumance as main border transit points with Nigeria are closed and as herders transit livestock to avoid risk areas. Elements used to analyze adaptive capacity included human resource assets (awareness about climate change), social assets (membership in community-based organizations and participation in a development projects), financial assets (livelihood diversification), and physical assets (house quality and devices to access climate-related information). It is the domain of the Sawa people (the coastal people). Bonanjo administrative centre and residential district, Bonapriso and Bali residential district where the public services are to be found, Bassa working class district and industrial zone, New Bell, Deido, New Deido and Bpanda working-class districts, North Akwa a district of housing estates, Bonabri on the other bank of the river. Littoral Region - Visit Cameroun The precision of the shoreline definition is given in Table 3. Temperature data deviation from the mean in Manoka over the past decades. Regions of Littoral. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) [2], in much of Africa, the temperature has already risen by more than 1C since 1901, with increased numbers of heat waves and scorching days. 24, pp. Cameroon is exposed to climatic hazards (low or high rainfall depending on the season and the regions), leading to drought, floods, and landslides. Rainfall data deviation from the mean in Manoka over the past decades. We used household surveys, focus group discussions, field observation, GIS, and remote sensing to collect data on variables of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It served as the background where some scenes of the Greystoke, the legend of Tarzan film, interpreted by Christopher Lambert was shot. Littoral Region (Cameroon) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free Finally, during the period of 20002017, the entire southern part of the island was being eroded. They are well furnished and colourful. Regions of Cameroon - Wikipedia Regions of Cameroon The Republic of Cameroon is divided into ten regions. The resulting high demand for mangrove wood by fishermen is a serious problem in Manoka. EPR erosion model around Manoka (m/year). Fishing occupies more than 80% of the population and is essentially dominated by Nigerian nationals who are the majority of the inhabitants. La rgion du Littoral est l'une des dix rgions du Cameroun[2], situe dans le sud-ouest du pays. The inequality index reveals significant disparities in the three key dimensions of human development: (1) reproductive health, (2) education and (3) access to employment. Moungo (department) - Wikipedia Land-cover change threatens tropical forests and biodiversity in the Littoral Region, Cameroon | Oryx | Cambridge Core Access English Franais 12 Cited by Related content AI-generated results: by UNSILO Chapter Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) Climate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change Published online: 21 July 2023 Book A pilot study on the genetic diversity of - ScienceDirect The West Region (French: Rgion de l'Ouest) is 14,000 km 2 of territory located in the central-western portion of the Republic of Cameroon. Many beach houses, mostly built using wood materials, have become at risk of coastal erosion and house property damage was the impact most reported by the respondents (Figures 8 and 9). B. L. Turner, R. E. Kasperson, P. A. Matson et al., A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 24, pp. This profiling of the vulnerability to climate change in this area will be important in developing appropriate adaptation strategies. 11, no. It was the administrative capital of the country when it was a German colony until 1901, then took the name of Douala which is the main tribe of the region (the Duala). In coastal areas, exploring adaptation options requires an assessment and understanding of existing vulnerabilities. Ministre de l'Administration Territoriale, Activer ou dsactiver la limitation de largeur du contenu, Liste des communes de la rgion du Littoral au Cameroun, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rgion_du_Littoral&oldid=204516122, Page avec coordonnes diffrentes sur Wikidata, Article avec une section vide ou incomplte, Catgorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. 2, no. Previous studies in the mangrove settlements in Cameroon reported that floods have had an impact on the ecosystem by bringing saltwater inland, which has considerably degraded these environments and facilitated access to mangrove trees that were previously inaccessible. G. C. Dzalla Ngangu, Mangrove de lestuaire du wouri: enjeux de lanthropisation dun cosystme humide tropical et impacts environnementaux, Universit de Douala, Douala, Cameroon, 2013, Doctoral thesis. Douala is the head-quarter of the Ngondo culture, the great Sawa traditional festival. This increase in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns also significantly affect population health across Africa. In coastal areas in particular, previous studies identified some potential biogeophysical hazards to which coastal areas are exposed, including floods, strong winds, coastal erosion, increased salinity of estuaries, alteration of the quality of water available in aquifers, and the disappearance of certain wet zones and low-lying coastal fringes [4]. At high temperatures, the body transports heat away by sweating. The population often resorts to other justice mechanisms, namely traditional chiefdoms, Imams and other community-religious mechanisms (conflict management committees, etc.) The coastline was stable in the south toward the locality of Mbenadikoum. The coastal zone is favorable to beach holidays, with its beautiful bays and white sandy beaches extending as far as the eye can see, right over to Yoyo and Manoka. La rgion qui est compose de 4 dpartements[3] couvre une superficie de 20239km2 et abrite plus de 2202340 habitants[4]. P. Mbevo Fendoung, Gestion des risques naturels sur le littoral camerounais: cas de lrosion ctire Cap Cameroun et Kribi. The presence of national security forces - police, gendarmerie, army - is concentrated along the main roads and cities, leaving most rural areas under the influence of NSAGs. Littoral Region - Cameroon Adventures and Tours It has all the representative monuments of the 10 regions of Cameroon. An index of 20-29 is considered comfortable. Sur cette version linguistique de Wikipdia, les liens interlangues sont placs en haut droite du titre de larticle. As is the case in most coastal areas of Cameroon, research conducted using a diachronic analysis of Landsat images and field surveys showed that the mangroves of Mabe in the Manoka district (Littoral Cameroon) have recorded a total degradation of 13% in 28years (103ha), representing an annual loss of 0.48% [13]. The authors express their gratitude to all populations of the study villages for their cooperation and assistance during this study. The Centre Region (French: rgion du Centre) occupies 69,000 km 2 of the central plains of the Republic of Cameroon. The Littoral Region of Cameroon. 5, pp. The climate-related threats they face can have negative effects at the socioeconomic and environmental levels by acting specifically on species distribution [8], agriculture, drinking water supply, health systems, and mangroves. As of 2004, its population was 3,174,437. Most of the town is built on the left bank of the river. However, at Epaka 1 a retreat of 1.8m/year is observed along the coastline. This lake of international recognition is rich in Manatees (Marine mammals) and other species of fish. The region is limited to the north by the West Region, east, by the Centre Region, south by the South Region and the Gulf of Guinea, and west by the South West Region. In respect to tourism, the Littoral Region has several tourist endowments. THE 15 BEST Things to Do in Littoral Region - Tripadvisor Bacteriologically confirmed extra pulmonary tuberculosis and - PubMed Carte de la rgion du Littoral, Cameroun - Gifex Methods. Cmad is located in Douala, Littoral Region (Cameroon). The Lonako Mountain in the Nkongsamba Sub division. 80748079, 2003. This limit is exceeded throughout the year in Littoral. 136, 1998. We have reviews of the best places to see in Littoral Region. 12, p. 1230, 2021. On the island, we have only small farms that produce potatoes, yams, cassavas, maize, and pineapples. This sensitivity of the study area to climate change has been exacerbated by the local populations income structure, characterized by high dependence on climate-dependent activities, especially fishing. Some previous vulnerability assessments have been conducted in the Littoral Region of Cameroon, but very few have quantitatively and holistically measured the vulnerability level of the whole social-ecological system with analysis of the spatial differences in Manoka, and this is the problem this study is aiming to address.